Golden Russet was grown on a commercial basis but fell out of fashion, however, it has enjoyed a resurgence of interest because the strong-flavored juice is ideal for cider and hard cider production. The origins of 'Golden Russet' are not clear but it arose in upstate New York in the 19th century, possibly derived from an English russet variety. 'Golden Russet' produces a small apple that keeps well and is very versatile for eating, cooking and juicing. Self-fertile, but production is improved when planted with Cortland, Fuji, Granny Smith, Honeycrisp, or Winesap. Fruit is pale golden yellow with red stripes, with a firm, crisp interior that is mildly sweet and vanilla-like. ‘Gala’ apples were discovered in 1934 in New Zealand and made their way into the U.S. Requires Cortland, Gala, Golden Delicious. A very attractive modern apple, crisp, sweet-flavored, and keeps well, which is why they are often available in the grocery store. ‘Fuji’ was developed in Japan, but is an all-American cross of ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Ralls Janet’. Excellent in fresh salads, as flesh does not brown after cutting. ‘Cortland’ produces large red apples that are extra juicy, with a tangy sweet-tart flavor. Self-fertile but production is improved when planted with Cortland, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Honeycrisp, or Winesap. The parentage is unclear, but both ‘Lady Hamilton’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples were growing on nearby trees. ‘Braeburn’ apples were discovered in 1952 as a chance seedling growing in a New Zealand orchard. Ideal pH range for apple trees is between 5.0 and 7.0. They will tolerate a wide range of soils with regular watering and fertilizer. Apple trees produce best when grown in full sun, which means six or more hours of direct summer sunlight daily in well-drained but moist fertile soil rich in organic matter. This is the overwintering stage.Semi-dwarf and dwarf apple trees can grow from 8 to 15 feet tall and produce full-sized apples in about three years. Brown chrysalides usually occur in the fall and overwinter. As the silk dries, it shrinks, causing the leaf to curl, surrounding the caterpillar. Immediately before pupating, the green caterpillar turns a startling, bright banana yellow.Ĭhrysalis: The chrysalis is either mottled brown or green, depending on the time of year and the structure to which it is attached. They form a shelter by spinning a silken mat on the center of a host plant leaf. Another pair of spots occurs behind these but lacks the “eye.” A double row of small blue circles extends down each side of the back. Older caterpillars are bright green with two large black and yellow eyespots on the thorax behind the true head. They also fold the edge of a host plant leaf over to form a flap that provides shelter. The underside of the hindwing has pale green spots.Įgg: Eggs are cream-colored globes and are laid singly on young leaves.Ĭaterpillar: Young caterpillars resemble bird droppings: chocolate brown with a white saddle mark. The upper surface of the hindwing has orange spots and a sheen of blue (female) or bluish-green (male) scales. The upper surface of the forewing is mostly black with ivory spots along the margin.
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